All about wireless networking and NMS/EMS

To check the packages installed on linux machine: #rpm –qa # rpm -qa | wc -l (to check the count of packages installed) #rpm -ql <rpm_name> (to check the details of installed rpm) Command to check RPM signature of package: #rpm --checksig <packagename> Command to install RPM package in linux: #rpm -ivh <packagename> -i : install a package -v : verbose for a nicer display -h: print hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. Command to check dependencies of RPM Package before Installing: #rpm -qpR <packagename> -q : Query a package-p : List capabilities this package provides. -R: List capabilities on which this package depends.   Command to Install a RPM Package Without Dependencies: #rpm -ivh --nodeps  <packagename> Command to upgrade rmp package: #rpm -Uvh <Packagename> Command to un-install an RPM package: #rpm -evv <Packagename> Command to Remove an RPM Package Without...

To check the packages installed on linux machine: #rpm -qa# rpm -qa | wc -l (to check the count of packages installed) #rpm -ql <rpm_name> (to check the details of installed rpm) Command to check RPM signature of package: #rpm --checksig <packagename> Command to install RPM package in linux: #rpm -ivh <packagename> -i : install a package -v : verbose for a nicer display -h: print hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. Command to check dependencies of RPM Package before Installing: #rpm -qpR <packagename> -q : Query a package-p : List capabilities this package provides.-R: List capabilities on which this package depends.   Command to Install a RPM Package Without Dependencies: #rpm -ivh --nodeps  <packagename> Command to upgrade rmp package: #rpm -Uvh <Packagename> Command to un-install an RPM package: #rpm -evv <Packagename> Command to Remove an RPM Package Without Depende...

To check linux version [root@sys-218-25 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 [root@sys-218-25 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.1 (Maipo)

Security Levels: SNMP offers 3 different security levels: noAuthNoPriv AuthNoPriv AuthPriv Auth stands for  Authentication  and Priv for  Privacy  (encryption). noAuthNoPriv =  no authentication and no encryption . AuthNoPriv =  authentication but no encryption . AuthPriv =  authentication AND encryption. #snmp-server view iso iso included Explanation: snmp-server view (enter view name) (mib name) include/exclude #snmp-server engineID remote 9.1.48.127 1234567890 Explanation: This step is not mandatory to configure #snmp-server group prime v3 priv read iso write iso Explanation: snmp-server group (group_name) v3 priv read (enter view name) write (enter view name). Here Priv means configuring AuthPriv #snmp-server user tester prime v3 auth md5 public123 priv des public123

Inter - Vlan Routing  is the capability to  route  traffic between  vlans . This functionality could be on the Switch itself (for Layer 3 Switches).  By default, only hosts that are members of the same VLAN can communicate. Inter-VLAN Routing Architectures Within a LAN topology, inter-VLAN routing is used to route packets between different VLANs. Three common inter-VLAN routing architectures are used in modern LAN networks today: Router-on-a-stick. Router-on-a-stick using trunks. Layer 3 switching. This section examines each of these in detail, outlining any restrictions or issues associated with each. Router-on-a-Stick The  router-on–a-stick  architecture is the most basic method of inter-VLAN routing. In this architecture, a router is simply connected to each VLAN and forwards inter-VLAN traffic between the appropriate VLANs.  Figure 1  shows this architecture. Figure1  Router-on–a-Stick As you can see in  ...

Access Port: An access port can have only one VLAN configured on the interface; it can carry traffic for only one VLAN. Frames coming in to the interface will be tagged and Frames going out to the interface will be untagged. Trunk port: A trunk port can have two or more VLANs configured on the interface; it can carry traffic for several VLANs simultaneously. Allow all the tagged packets or tagged packets of configured vlan on the particular port. Switch port configured as a  trunk port  send and receive  IEEE 801.q VLAN tagged  Ethernet frames . If a nontrunking port receives an 802.1Q frame, the source and destination MAC addresses are read, the tag field is ignored, and the frame is switched normally at Layer 2. Native VLAN: If a switch receives  untagged Ethernet frames  on its Trunk port, they are forwarded to the  VLAN  that is configured on the Switch as native VLAN. Both sides of the  trunk link  must be confi...

What is QinQ In this section, we will see about Switching concept QinQ. In service provider networks, This is very important. Service provider use this Switching function to pass customer data from one end to other end with two vlan id’s in own switching network.  Explanation: The QinQ technology is called VLAN dot1q tunnel, 802.1Q tunnel, VLAN Stacking technology. The standard comes from IEEE 802.1ad and it is the expansion of the 802.1Q protocol. QinQ adds one layer of 802.1Q tag (VLAN tag) based on the original 802.1Q packet head. With the double layers of tags, the VLAN quantity is increased to 802.1Q. QinQ encapsulates the private network VLAN tag of the user in the public(service provider) network VLAN Tag to make the packet with double layers of VLAN Tags cross the backbone network (public network) of the operator. In the public network, the packet is passed according to the out layer of VLAN tag (that is the public network VLAN Tag) and the private netw...