- The Access points continuously sends out Beacon Frames which are picked up by the nearby wlan clients.
- The client can also broadcast on its own probe request frame on every channel
- Access points within range respond with a probe response frame
- The client decides which access point (AP) is the best for access and sends an authentication request
- The access point will send an authentication reply
- Upon successful authentication, the client will send an association request frame to the access point
- The access point will reply with an association response
- The client is now able to pass traffic to the access point
What is QinQ In this section, we will see about Switching concept QinQ. In service provider networks, This is very important. Service provider use this Switching function to pass customer data from one end to other end with two vlan id’s in own switching network. Explanation: The QinQ technology is called VLAN dot1q tunnel, 802.1Q tunnel, VLAN Stacking technology. The standard comes from IEEE 802.1ad and it is the expansion of the 802.1Q protocol. QinQ adds one layer of 802.1Q tag (VLAN tag) based on the original 802.1Q packet head. With the double layers of tags, the VLAN quantity is increased to 802.1Q. QinQ encapsulates the private network VLAN tag of the user in the public(service provider) network VLAN Tag to make the packet with double layers of VLAN Tags cross the backbone network (public network) of the operator. In the public network, the packet is passed according to the out layer of VLAN tag (that is the public network VLAN Tag) and the private netw...
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